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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated a rapid shift of learning and education from traditional means to digital platforms. This paper aims to examine the impact of online learning on digital engagement and digital-related health symptoms among university students one year into the coronavirus pandemic. Methods: Data was collected through a self-administered online questionnaire after ethical approval. The questionnaire was adapted from the previously published Lifestyle Study in Youth Questionnaire. Through the questionnaire, the perception of students toward online learning was probed and recorded. Digital engagement and digital-related health symptoms were compared before and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Results: The majority (97.5%) of respondents preferred face-to-face learning. The time spent on digital devices was 1.8 times higher during COVID-19 than before the COVID-19 lockdown (t-test = -18.86, p<0.0001). The total hours of sleep were reduced during COVID-19 lockdown (0.6 hours lesser) (t-test = -3.92, p<0.0001). The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test revealed significant changes in digital-related health symptoms (15 out of 17) due to the COVID-19 lockdown. Digital eye strain, dry eye syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome, and upper quadrant postural and muscle strain emerged (p<0.05). Conclusion: Most university students favoured face-to-face learning compared to online learning. There was a two-fold rise in digital engagement during the COVID-19 lockdown. As a result, it has seemed to translate into reduced sleeping hours. The short-term impact of the coronavirus pandemic on digital-related health symptoms amongst university students was apparent. The long-term effects require further investigations to facilitate fact-based decision-making. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Malaysian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences is the property of Universiti Putra Malaysia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
RESUMEN
Introduction: Careful consideration of what is necessary for the workspace is inevitable to curb the spreading of COVID-19. Work from home is a logistic challenge for the health, retail, and manufacturing sectors. Hence, a workspace probe is imperative to obtain elementary evidence to fine-tune implementation strategy in pandemic crisis management. Sparse information concerning the workspace of the eye examination rooms inducted this investigation to gather the footing data towards impending preparation of post-COVID-19 new norms for optical outlets in Malaysia. Methods: Nine optical outlets with a combination of commercial chains, individual practices, suburban and urban areas were selected to represent assorted types of retail settings. The on-site workspaces' data were measured and recorded in a logbook with a laser meter and measurement tape. Self-assessments of workspaces were gathered through structured interviews. Results: The on-site data revealed that all-optical outlets did not comply with the minimum requirement for an optimal eye examination in terms of space area and illuminance. None of the eye examination rooms had a built-in air filtering system and handwash infrastructure. Paradoxically, the functionality of the workspace was self-graded as 'above average'. Conclusion: Variation in the eye examination room designs and deviance from the standard requirement may just be a noticeable part of a larger problem about the service quality of optical outlets. Lack of basic hygiene facilities requires action for preventive measures. The incongruity between the self-assessment and the on-site data might indicate a conjectural challenge to efficiently self-implement the post- COVID-19 workspace new norm in optical outlets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Malaysian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences is the property of Universiti Putra Malaysia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)